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Text 15822, 565 rader
Skriven 2021-09-17 09:05:18 av Sean Dennis (1:18/200.0)
Ärende: The Weekly ARRL Letter
==============================
   The ARRL Letter                                                         
   September 16, 2021                                                      
                                                                           
     * Next SpaceX Commercial Crew to ISS Comprised of Radio Amateurs       
     * The 2021 ARRL Simulated Emergency Test (SET) is Just Ahead           
     * ARRL Podcasts Schedule                                               
     * VoIP Weather Net Handles Reports for Hurricane Larry                 
     * ARRL Learning Network Webinars                                       
     * ARRL Awards Colvin Grant to Latest Bouvet Island DXpedition         
     * Amateur Radio in the News                                           
     * ARRL Seeks New Treasurer                                            
     * AMSAT Shifts to Virtual Format for 2021 Symposium and Annual        
       Meeting                                                             
     * ARISS Receives Recognition from NASA Mission Directorate            
     * Announcements                                                       
     * In Brief...                                                         
     * The K7RA Solar Update                                               
     * Just Ahead in Radiosport                                            
     * Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions              
   Next SpaceX Commercial Crew to ISS Comprised of Radio Amateurs          
                                                                           
   Four radio amateurs will head to the International Space Station (ISS)  
   aboard a commercial flight, thanks to Amateur Radio on the              
   International Space Station (ARISS). They are Raja Chari, KI5LIU; Tom   
   Marshburn, KE5HOC; Kayla Barron, KI5LAL, and Matthias Maurer, KI5KFH, a 
   European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut. The targeted launch date is no   
   sooner than October 31, from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The       
   launch will mark the third SpaceX Crew                                  
                                                                           
   The SpaceX Crew-3 astronauts                                            
   (L-R) Matthias Maurer, KI5KFH;                                          
   Thomas Marshburn, KE5HOC; Raja                                          
   Chari, KI5LIU, and Kayla Barron,                                        
   KI5LAL, during pre-flight                                               
   training at SpaceX headquarters                                         
   in Hawthorne, California.                                               
                                                                           
   Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket launch combination as part of     
   NASA's Commercial Crew Program, which provides transportation to and    
   from the ISS. The crew is scheduled for a 6-month stay aboard the       
   orbiting laboratory, living and working as part of what's expected to   
   be a seven-member crew.                                                 
                                                                           
   The launch will be the first spaceflight for Chari, Barron, and Maurer, 
   and the third for Marshburn.                                            
                                                                           
   NASA's SpaceX Crew-3 will be the third crew rotation mission to the ISS 
   with astronauts on a US rocket and spacecraft and the fourth flight     
   with astronauts, including the Demo-2 test flight in 2020, the Crew-1   
   mission in 2020 - 2021, and the ongoing Crew-2 flight as part of the    
   Expedition 65 crew.                                                     
                                                                           
   Crew-3 astronauts plan to arrive at the station to overlap with NASA    
   Astronauts Shane Kimbrough, KE5HOD, and Megan McArthur; Japan Aerospace 
   Exploration Agency (JAXA) Astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, KE5DNI, and ESA    
   Astronaut Thomas Pesquet, KG5FYG, who flew to the station as part of    
   the agency's SpaceX Crew-2 mission in April 2021.                       
                                                                           
   Mission teams have a target launch date of no earlier than April 15,    
   2022, for the launch of the SpaceX Crew-4 mission. "NASA's Commercial   
   Crew Program is working with industry through a public-private          
   partnership to provide safe, reliable, and cost-effective               
   transportation to and from the International Space Station, which will  
   allow for additional research time and will increase the opportunity    
   for discovery aboard humanity's testbed for exploration," NASA said.    
   "The space station remains the springboard to space exploration,        
   including future missions to the moon and Mars."                        
                                                                           
   For launch coverage and more information about the mission, visit the   
   NASA website.                                                           
   The 2021 ARRL Simulated Emergency Test (SET) is Just Ahead              
                                                                           
   The weekend of October 2 - 3 is designated for holding the annual ARRL  
   Simulated Emergency Test (SET), although local and Section-level        
   exercises may take place throughout the fall.                           
                                                                           
   The SET is ARRL's primary national emergency exercise and is designed   
   to assess the skills and preparedness of Amateur Radio Emergency        
   Service (ARES^A(R)) volunteers, as well as those affiliated with other  
   organizations involved in emergency and disaster response. It           
   encourages maximum participation by all radio amateurs, partner         
   organizations, and national, state, and local officials who typically   
   engage in emergency or disaster response.                               
                                                                           
   In addition to ARES volunteers, those active in the National Traffic    
   System (NTS^ƒ*›), Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES),        
   National Weather Service (NWS) SKYWARN^A(R), Community Emergency        
   Response Team (CERT), and a variety of other allied groups and public   
   service-oriented radio amateurs are needed to fulfill important roles   
   in this nationwide exercise.                                            
                                                                           
   The SET offers volunteers an opportunity to test equipment, modes, and  
   skills under simulated emergency conditions and scenarios. Individuals  
   can use the time to update a go-kit for use during deployments and to   
   ensure their home station's operational capability in an emergency or   
   disaster.                                                               
                                                                           
   To get involved, contact your local ARRL Emergency Coordinator or Net   
   Manager.                                                                
   ARRL Podcasts Schedule                                                  
                                                                           
   The latest episode of the On the Air podcast (Episode 21) features a    
   discussion with Steve Goodgame, K5ATA, about the new edition of The     
   ARRL Handbook and how it can be useful to new hams.                     
                                                                           
   The latest edition of Eclectic Tech (Episode 42) features a             
   conversation with Ed Hare, W1RFI, about the changes to the FCC RF       
   exposure rules.                                                         
                                                                           
   The On the Air and Eclectic Tech podcasts are sponsored by Icom. Both   
   podcasts are available on iTunes (iOS) and Stitcher (Android) as well   
   as on Blubrry -- On the Air | Eclectic Tech.                            
                                                                         
   VoIP Weather Net Handles Reports for Hurricane Larry                    
                                                                           
   Amateur radio volunteers on the Voice over Internet Protocol Weather    
   Network (VoIPWX), joined linked systems in Newfoundland, Canada, to     
   collect ground-truth weather data for relay to the National Hurricane   
   Center (NHC) and Environment Canada, as Hurricane Larry hammered the    
   Canadian province on September 11. The Category 1 storm, with maximum   
   sustained winds of 85 MPH, was predicted to bring hurricane-force       
   winds, dangerous storm surge, heavy seas, and heavy rainfall.           
                                                                           
   Scores of reports, including damage to schools and homes, power         
   outages, and evacuations, were sent by a squad of hams that included    
   Aaron Abbott, VO1IV, and Gareth Rowberry, VE3GJR.                       
                                                                           
   More than 40 personnel hours of operation by Canadian and US radio      
   amateurs were involved in providing the reports received on both        
   systems.                                                                
                                                                           
   Rob Macedo, KD1CY, Director of Operations for the VoIP Hurricane Net,   
   said, "Through the exemplary efforts of VO1IV...and a number of amateur 
   radio operators across Newfoundland and one amateur operator in Ontario 
   who relayed a report from a non-amateur radio CANWARN Spotter [a        
   volunteer organization of ham radio operators reporting severe weather  
   to Environment Canada] in St. John's, Newfoundland, reports of damage   
   to trees, power lines, power outages (including roof damage to a school 
   and a home) were relayed from amateurs in the region."                  
                                                                           
   The Hurricane Watch Net (HWN) activated on September 10 on 20 and 40    
   meters.                                                                 
   ARRL Learning Network Webinars                                          
                                                                           
   Visit the ARRL Learning Network (a members-only benefit) to register,   
   check on upcoming webinars, and to view previously recorded sessions.   
                                                                           
   ARRL members may register for upcoming presentations and view           
   previously recorded Learning Network webinars. ARRL-affiliated radio    
   clubs may also use the recordings as presentations for club meetings,   
   mentoring new and current hams, and discussing amateur radio topics.    
                                                                           
   Working the Pileup, presented by Ron Delpiere-Smith, KD9IPO / Tuesday,  
   October 5, 2021 @ 1:00 pm EDT (1700 UTC)                                
                                                                           
   Ron Delpiere-Smith, KD9IPO, Vice President of the Chicago Suburban      
   Radio Association and an ARRL Assistant Section Manager in Illinois,    
   will offer an enlightening discussion on working a pileup from both     
   sides of the contact. Whether your interest lies in ARRL Field Day,     
   contesting, special events, or rare DX, this is a must-see              
   presentation. Ron will discuss search-and-pounce and running            
   techniques, when to use them, and some tips on working them to your     
   advantage.                                                              
                                                                           
   The ARRL Learning Network schedule is subject to change.                
   ARRL Awards Colvin Grant to Latest Bouvet Island DXpedition             
                                                                           
   ARRL has awarded a Colvin Grant of $5,000 to Amateur Radio DXpeditions  
   (ARD), the Norwegian nonprofit organization that is sponsoring the 3Y0J 
   DXpedition to Bouvet Island in fall 2022. Co-leaders for the effort are 
   Ken Opskar, LA7GIA; Rune O/ye, LA7THA, and Erwann Merrien, LB1QI. A     
   Colvin Grant in the same amount was returned after the Intrepid-DX      
   Group had to drop its plans for an early-2023 Bouvet DXpedition that    
   would have used the same call sign.                                     
                                                                           
   The multinational team plans to activate Bouvet in November 2022. A     
   dependency of Norway, Bouvet is a sub-Antarctic island in the South     
   Atlantic and the second-most-wanted DXCC entity, behind North Korea.    
   The last Bouvet activation was 3Y0E, during a scientific expedition     
   over the winter of 2007 - 2008.                                         
                                                                           
   Amateur radio DXpeditions would field a team of 12 operators for a      
   20-day stay on Bouvet, setting up at Cape Fie in the southeastern part  
   of the island, which the DXpedition organizers called "the only         
   feasible part where a DXpedition can safely set up camp on rocky        
   ground." The DXpedition has set a goal of 120,000 contacts during its   
   stay.                                                                   
                                                                           
   The Colvin Award is funded by an endowment established by the legendary 
   DX couple Lloyd Colvin, W6KG, and Iris Colvin, W6QL, both now deceased. 
   The Colvin Award is intended to support amateur radio projects that     
   promote international goodwill in the field of DX. Grantees must be     
   groups with a favorable DX track record and with experience directly    
   related to the proposed enterprise. The proposed project must have as a 
   goal a significant achievement in the field of DX. Preference is given  
   to multinational groups, all of whom are members of their own national  
   IARU member-societies.                                                  
                                                                           
   In August, the Northern California DX Foundation (NCDXF) donated        
   $100,000 to the 3Y0J DXpedition, set for late 2022. The NCDXF is now    
   the DXpedition's lead sponsor.                                          
                                                                           
   "We wish to recognize and thank the Northern California DX Foundation   
   as the lead sponsor for our 3Y0J DXpedition to Bouvet," the 3Y0J team   
   said. "Without the support of the NCDXF, operations to the world's      
   rarest entities would be difficult."                                    
                                                                           
   On September 11, the 3Y0J DXpedition announced a donation of ƒ*ª10,000  
   (approximately $11,815) from the German DX Foundation (GXDF).           
                                                                           
   The 3Y0J team said that with its overall budget of $650,000, this       
   DXpedition to Bouvet will be the most expensive ever.                   
                                                                           
   Visit the 3Y0J DXpedition website or Facebook page for more information 
   or to donate.                                                           
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
                                                                         
   Amateur Radio in the News                                               
                                                                           
   ARRL Public Information Officers, Coordinators, and many other          
   member-volunteers help keep amateur radio and ARRL in the news.         
     * FREE WECA Tech (entry level) Ham Radio License Class! / The Patch,  
       White Plains, New York, September 15                                
     * Richmond's radio geeks offering courses to tempt newcomers /        
       Richmond News, Ontario, Canada, September 14, 2021                  
                                                                           
   Share any amateur radio media hits you spot with us.                    
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   ARRL Seeks New Treasurer                                                
                                                                           
   After 10 years of distinguished service to ARRL as its volunteer        
   Treasurer, Frederick "Rick" Niswander, K7GM, has decided to step down   
   when his current term expires in January 2022. ARRL is seeking          
   qualified candidates from among its membership. The Board of Directors  
   elects the Treasurer and other officers at its annual meeting in        
   even-numbered years.                                                    
                                                                           
   The Treasurer is a non-voting member of the Board of Directors and must 
   be a licensed radio amateur and a full member of the ARRL for 4         
   continuous years prior to nomination. The ARRL Bylaws define the role   
   of the Treasurer as follows:                                            
     * In consultation with and subject to the general supervision of the  
       ministration and Finance Committee, provides for the investment   
       and reinvestment of the surplus funds of the League in any bonds,   
       stocks, or other securities, as would be selected by a trustee with 
       the care of a prudent investor.                                     
     * Provides reports to and attends all regular meetings of the Board   
       of Directors.                                                       
     * Serves as a member of the ministration and Finance Committee and, 
       if assigned, subcommittees of the Board or ministrative and       
       Finance Committee.                                                  
                                                                           
   The position is unpaid; however, necessary expenses, including travel   
   to meetings, are reimbursable. For further information, see the full    
   position description.                                                   
                                                                           
   A search committee has been established to recommend one or more        
   candidates for Treasurer to the Board. Qualified members are invited to 
   submit a statement of interest and qualifications via email to          
   TreasurerSearch@arrl.org. The deadline is November 12, 2021.            
   AMSAT Shifts to Virtual Format for 2021 Symposium and Annual Meeting    
                                                                           
   The AMSAT 39th Space Symposium and Annual Meeting, planned as an        
   in-person event, will now be a virtual event on October 30, due to the  
   lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an opportunity for  
   amateur-radio-in-space enthusiasts from around the world to learn more  
   about AMSAT's Strategic Plan, the GOLF program, the CubeSat Simulator,  
   and other exciting developments in the amateur satellite world.         
                                                                           
   AMSAT President Robert Bankston, KE4AL, said AMSAT members had voiced   
   concern over the continued COVID-19 pandemic and the risks associated   
   with long-distance travel, as well as attendance at large group         
   gatherings.                                                             
                                                                           
   "In the interest of everyone's comfort and safety, we have made the     
   difficult decision to return to a virtual meeting platform," Bankston   
   said. "[W]e know that last year's virtual Symposium event was well      
   received and that we have the opportunity to repeat its success this    
   year."                                                                  
                                                                           
   Those who have already registered for the Symposium will automatically  
   receive refunds. dress questions regarding the Symposium to           
   info@amsat.com.                                                         
                                                                           
   AMSAT will host its 2021 AMSAT Virtual Space Symposium and Annual       
   General Meeting via Zoom on Saturday, October 30, 1400 UTC - 2200 UTC.  
   It will be available to the general public on AMSAT's YouTube channel   
   at no cost. The event will be a combination of pre-recorded video       
   segments along with live question-and-answer sessions.                  
                                                                           
   Final papers for the Symposium Proceedings must be submitted by October 
   18. Send these to Dan Schultz, N8FGV.  Symposium presentations should   
   be limited to 15 minutes of pre-recorded video and be submitted by      
   October 18 to Paul Stoetzer, N8HM. AMSAT asks that presenters be        
   available to take questions via Zoom following their pre-recorded       
   presentations. -- Thanks to AMSAT News Service                          
                                                                         
   ARISS Receives Recognition from NASA Mission Directorate                
                                                                           
   Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) has received   
   recognition from NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission        
   Directorate (HEOMD) for its accomplishments in promoting science,       
   technology, electronics, and mathematics (STEM) initiatives through     
   amateur radio. The HEOMD provides leadership and management of NASA     
   space operations, such as developing rockets and spacecraft, that will  
   contribute to human exploration in and beyond low-Earth orbit.          
                                                                           
   Astronauts Shannon Walker,                                              
   KD5DXB, and Soichi Noguchi,                                             
   KD5TVP, at NA1SS during an ISS                                          
   contact with Hisagi Junior                                              
   High School in Zushi, Japan.                                            
                                                                           
   "NASA's Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) networks enable NASA 
   to inspire the next generation of scientists, engineers, and explorers  
   -- even from 350 kilometers above Earth," said Kathryn Lueders, NASA    
   Associate ministrator for Human Exploration and Operations, in a      
   LinkedIn post. "In addition to connecting the science community on      
   Earth with the groundbreaking research studies and experiments aboard   
   the International Space Station, SCaN enables the space station to act  
   as a unique platform for global STEM outreach and education efforts.    
   For over 20 years, the Amateur Radio on the International Space Station 
   (ARISS) program, a nonprofit supported by SCaN, has connected           
   classrooms on Earth with astronauts aboard the space station, allowing  
   students to engage directly with astronauts in real time."              
                                                                           
   Working with an amateur radio club on the ground, the ham radio         
   stations on board the ISS enable students to ask the crew questions     
   about life in space and what it takes to become an astronaut. In        
   preparation for their ARISS contact, tudents explore a variety of STEM  
   activities through space exploration, radio communication, and wireless 
   technologies.                                                           
                                                                           
   "With tens of thousands of student participants each year, the ARISS    
   program plays an important role in inspiring the Artemis Generation and 
   encouraging students to pursue STEM careers," Lueders said.             
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Announcements                                                           
     * On September 6, Paul Ewing, N6PSE, announced that Nigel Jolly,      
       K6NRJ, has sold the SV Braveheart to a new owner who will make her  
       available for amateur radio DXpeditions. The Braveheart's new home  
       port will be Ushuaia, Argentina, the "gateway to Antarctica." The   
       vessel is now in New Zealand.                                       
     * ARRL Headquarters will be closed from 11 AM until 3 PM ET (1500 -   
       1900 UTC) on Friday, September 17, for a staff appreciation picnic. 
     * North American QSO Party (NAQP) events in 2022 will add a           
       Single-Operator Assisted category. The 2022 rules are posted on the 
       NCJ website.                                                        
     * WSJT-X revision 2.5.0-rc6 (release candidate 6) is now available on 
       the WSJT-X website. Microsoft Windows users may need to consult the 
       Release Notes to install OpenSSL, one of its dependencies.          
     * Seattle's Emergency Communication Hubs and The Seattle Auxiliary    
       Communications Service (ACS) radio amateurs will respond to         
       simulated earthquakes on two Saturdays in September. The "Double    
       Trouble" exercise will run 9 AM - 1 PM PT on September 18 and again 
       on September 25.                                                    
     * K4MIA will be on the air to mark National POW/MIA Recognition Day   
       on September 17. Look for K4MIA (or K4MIA/5, K4MIA/7 and K4MIA/8)   
       on SSB, CW, FT8, and other digital modes.                           
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   In Brief...                                                             
                                                                           
   Steve Goodgame, K5ATA, of Batesville, Mississippi, has joined the staff 
   at ARRL Headquarters in Newington, Connecticut. He will serve as        
   manager of the Education and Learning Department (formerly the Lifelong 
   Learning Department). He had consulted for the department as an         
   instructional designer and was instrumental in the implementation of    
   ARRL's Learning Network webinars. Goodgame teaches middle school        
   computer science and is in his second year of teaching amateur radio to 
   students at his school. "I have been teaching ham radio in some form    
   for 20 years," he said. "Over the past 3 years, we have had close to 60 
   middle and high school students earn their licenses, and several have   
   upgraded." Goodgame's favorite ham radio activity is activating parks   
   in the Parks on the Air (POTA) program with his daughter Jherica,       
   KI5HTA. His wife, Cyndi, is K5CYN. Steve hosts the K5ATA Ham Radio      
   YouTube channel. He is a Volunteer Examiner and a volunteer             
   firefighter.                                                            
                                                                           
   The Japan Amateur Radio League (JARL) has announced the cancellation of 
   Tokyo Ham Fair 2021 October 2 - 3. "We were hopeful to have Ham Fair    
   2021 with possible preventative measures against COVID-19, but another  
   wave of infection came in this summer," said the announcement from Ken  
   Yamamoto, JA1CJP. "Considering the worse-than-expected COVID situation, 
   JARL reluctantly decided to cancel Ham Fair 2021. We hope that Tokyo    
   Ham Fair can come back in 2022 under safer conditions."                 
                                                                           
   Radio station WBZ in Boston (1030 kHz) is celebrating its 100th         
   anniversary in 2021. It is the oldest broadcast station in New England  
   and one of the oldest stations in the US. The Billerica Amateur Radio   
   Society and the Hampden County Radio Association will commemorate the   
   anniversary with a special event, starting on September 17 at 1300 UTC  
   and wrapping up on September 20 at 0359 UTC. Look for W1W, W1B, W1Z,    
   and WB1Z on all bands, SSB, AM, CW, and digital modes. New England      
   operators interested in operating one of the special event stations     
   should contact Larry Krainson, W1AST.                                   
                                                                           
   RTTY Service Station K6KPH, operating from the Maritime Radio           
   Historical Society (MRHS), is officially back on the air. K6KPH also    
   transmits W1AW Qualifying Run texts and the W1AW Field Day Bulletin.    
   The station was off the air due to COVID-19 restrictions and antenna    
   damage. Repairs to the transmitter site in Bolinas, California, were    
   performed under a US National Park Service grant and support from the   
   MRHS. Years of damage from decaying poles, failing crossarms, and       
   falling trees necessitated the repairs, MRHS said. The next West Coast  
   Qualifying Run to be transmitted from K6KPH is scheduled for Saturday,  
   September 25, 2021, at 2100 UTC on 3581.5, 7047.5, 14047.5, 18097.5,    
   and 21067.5 kHz.                                                        
                                                                           
   In cooperation with the Finnish Amateur Radio League (SRAL), the        
   Finland Museum of Technology in Helsinki hosted an exhibition of        
   equipment built by radio amateurs. The exhibit, "A Spark Started it --  
   100 years of Finnish radio amateur construction," ran through August.   
   SRAL co-designed the exhibit as part of its 100th anniversary           
   celebration. "At the Finnish Museum of Technology, we are particularly  
   excited about the exhibition, because experimenting with new forms of   
   cooperation is rewarding," the museum said. "As a national special      
   museum in the field of technology, we are able to provide a good        
   setting for the exhibition and a wide audience that might not otherwise 
   find its way to the topic." SRAL centenary special event station        
   OH100SRAL will be on the air through year's end.                        
                                                                         
   The K7RA Solar Update                                                   
                                                                           
   Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: Sunspot numbers started strong at 124 
   on this reporting week, September 9 - 15, but ended at 0. Average daily 
   sunspot numbers went from 64.6 to 58.3. Average daily solar flux        
   declined from 92.9 to 87.4.                                             
                                                                           
   Geomagnetic indicators remained moderate, with last week's average      
   daily planetary A index unchanged at 7, and average daily middle        
   latitude A index changed from 7.7 to 6.9.                               
                                                                           
   Predicted solar flux is much lower than last week's report. Solar flux  
   is predicted at 75 on September 16 - 23; 76 on September 24 - 26; 78,   
   80, and 82 on September 27 - 29; 86 on September 30 - October 10; 82 on 
   October 11 - 12; 80 on October 13; 78 on October 14 - 17, and 76 on     
   October 18 - 23. Solar flux is expected to rise to 89 by the end of     
   October.                                                                
                                                                           
   Predicted planetary A index is 5 on September 16; 15 on September 17 -  
   18; 8 on September 19 - 20; 5 and 8 on September 21 - 22; 5 on          
   September 23 - October 3; 8 and 12 on October 4 - 5; 5 on October 6 -   
   17; 8 on October 18, and 5 on October 19 through the end of the month.  
                                                                           
   Marty, KB0QZ, in Tulsa called CQ on 28.040 at noon on September 12 on   
   an apparently dead band. LU4HK came back, and they exchanged 599        
   reports both ways over the 5,094-mile path. He continued to tune the    
   band and call CQ through the afternoon with nothing else heard.         
                                                                           
   There's a great solar image in this local California newspaper (page    
   down).                                                                  
                                                                           
   Sunspot numbers for September 9 - 15 were 124, 99, 93, 47, 32, 13, and  
   0, with a mean of 58.3. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 99.7, 96.3, 91.8,  
   87.7, 83.3, 78.1, and 75.2, with a mean of 87.4. Estimated planetary A  
   indices were 6, 9, 7, 6, 9, 6, and 6, with a mean of 7. Middle latitude 
   A index was 7, 9, 8, 6, 7, 5, and 6, with a mean of 6.9.                
                                                                           
   A comprehensive K7RA Solar Update is posted Fridays on the ARRL         
   website. For more information concerning radio propagation, visit the   
   ARRL Technical Information Service, read "What the Numbers Mean...,"    
   and check out the Propagation Page of Carl Luetzelschwab, K9LA          
                                                                           
   A propagation bulletin archive is available. For customizable           
   propagation charts, visit the VOACAP Online for Ham Radio website.      
                                                                           
   Share your reports and observations.                                    
   Just Ahead in Radiosport                                                
     * September 16 -- NAQCC CW Sprint                                     
     * September 16 -- BCC QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)                  
     * September 17 -- AGB NEMIGA Contest (CW, phone, digital)             
     * September 18 -- QRP Afield (CW, phone, digital)                     
     * September 18 -- Wisconsin Parks on the Air (CW, phone)              
     * September 18 -- Feld Hell Sprint                                    
     * September 18 -19 -- All Collegiate QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)   
     * September 18 - 19 -- SARL VHF/UHF Digital Contest                   
     * September 18 - 10 -- ARRL 10 GHz and Up Contest (CW, phone,         
       digital)                                                            
     * September 18 - 19 -- Scandinavian Activity Contest (CW)             
     * September 18 - 19 -- Iowa QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)            
     * September 18 - 19 -- Texas QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)           
     * September 18 - 19 -- New Jersey QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)      
     * September 18 -19 -- All New Hampshire QSO Party (CW, phone,         
       digital)                                                            
     * September 18 - 19 -- Washington State Salmon Run (CW, phone,        
       digital)                                                            
     * September 19 -- North American Sprint, RTTY                         
     * September 19 -- BARTG Sprint PSK63 Contest                          
     * September 19 - 20 -- Run for the Bacon QRP Contest (CW)             
     * September 20 -- 144 MHz Fall Sprint (CW, phone, digital)            
     * September 22 -- SKCC Sprint (CW)                                    
     * September 23 -- RSGB 80-Meter Autumn Series (digital)               
                                                                           
   For more information, visit the ARRL Contest Calendar.                  
   Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions                  
                                                                           
   Some conventions and hamfests may have been canceled or postponed due   
   to the coronavirus pandemic. Check the calendar of canceled events on   
   the ARRL website.                                                       
     * September 25 -- ARRL Dakota Division Convention (RRRA Hamfest),     
       West Fargo, North Dakota                                            
     * October 2 -- ARRL South Carolina Section Convention (Rock Hill      
       Hamfest), Rock Hill, South Carolina                                 
     * October 8 - 9 -- ARRL Florida State Convention (Melbourne Hamfest), 
       Melbourne, Florida                                                  
     * October 8 - 9 --ARRL Louisiana State Convention (Slidell EOC        
       Hamfest), Slidell, Louisiana                                        
     * October 15 - 17 -- ARRL Pacific Division Convention (Pacificon),    
       San Ramon, California                                               
                                                                           
   Find conventions and hamfests in your area.                             
                                                                           
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