Text 30385, 110 rader
Skriven 2009-10-26 06:37:00 av Dave Drum (1:124/311)
     Kommentar till en text av MICHAEL LOO
Ärende: Re: Empanadas
=====================
-=> MICHAEL LOO wrote to DAVE DRUM <=-

 DD> According to etymology that is true. According to the laws of physics
 DD> the bumblebee is incapable of flight. The bumblebee, however, being
 DD> unaware of physics flies merrily along.

 ML> 1. I was never speaking other than etymologically.
 ML> 2. The bumblebee doesn't violate any laws of anything.

-+- 
 
According to 20th century folklore, the laws of aerodynamics prove that the
bumblebee should be incapable of flight, as it does not have the capacity (in
terms of wing size or beats per second) to achieve flight with the degree of
wing loading necessary. Not being aware of scientists "proving" it cannot fly,
the bumblebee succeeds under "the power of its own ignorance". The origin of
this myth has been difficult to pin down with any certainty. John McMasters
recounted an anecdote about an unnamed Swiss aerodynamicist at a dinner party
who performed some rough calculations and concluded, presumably in jest, that
according to the equations, bumblebees cannot fly. In later years McMasters has
backed away from this origin, suggesting that there could be multiple sources,
and that the earliest he has found was a reference in the 1934 French book Le
vol des insectes; they had applied the equations of air resistance to insects
and found that their flight was impossible, but that "One shouldn't be
surprised that the results of the calculations don't square with reality".

Some credit physicist Ludwig Prandtl (1875–1953) of the University of Göttingen
in Germany with popularizing the myth. Others say it was Swiss gas dynamicist
Jacob Ackeret (1898–1981) who did the calculations.

In 1934, French entomologist Antoine Magnan included the following passage in
the introduction to his book Le Vol des Insectes:

    Tout d'abord poussé par ce qui fait en aviation, j'ai appliqué aux insectes
les lois de la résistance de l'air, et je suis arrivé avec M. SAINTE-LAGUE a
cette conclusion que leur vol est impossible.

This means:

    First prompted by the fact of aviation, I have applied the laws of the
resistance of air to insects, and I arrived, with Mister Sainte-Lague, at the
conclusion that their flight is impossible.

Magnan refers to his assistant André Sainte-Laguë who was, apparently, an
engineer.

It is believed that the calculations which purported to show that bumblebees
cannot fly are based upon a simplified linear treatment of oscillating
aerofoils. The method assumes small amplitude oscillations without flow
separation. This ignores the effect of dynamic stall, an airflow separation
inducing a large vortex above the wing, which briefly produces several times
the lift of the aerofoil in regular flight. More sophisticated aerodynamic
analysis shows that the bumblebee can fly because its wings encounter dynamic
stall in every oscillation cycle.

Another description of a bee's wing function is that the wings work similarly
to helicopter blades, "reverse-pitch semirotary helicopter blades".

Bees beat their wings approximately 200 times a second, which is 10–20 times as
fast as nerve impulses can fire. They achieve this because their thorax muscles
do not expand and contract on each nerve firing, but rather vibrate like a
plucked rubber band. 

From http://tinyurl.com/bumble-fly and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebee

-+-
 
 DD> BTW - the dictionary agrees with your etymology

 ML> How could it not? Odd to think otherwise.

Actually the whole etymology thing is a sort of straw man since short pastry is
a form of bread anyway.

MMMMM----- Recipe via Meal-Master (tm) v8.04
 
      Title: Bumble Bee
 Categories: Booze
      Yield: 1 Shooter

    1/3 oz Bailey's Irish cream
    1/3 oz Kahlua coffee liqueur
    1/3 oz sambuca

  This is a layered shot. First pour the Bailey's into the
  shot glass. Then take an upside down spoon and touch it
  to the inside wall of the glass. Carefully add the Kahlua.
  Repeat this process for the Sambuca. If done properly, the
  alcohol will stay separated and resemble a bumble bee.

  Enjoy!

  Recipe by: www.drinksmixer.com

  From: http://www.recipesource.com

  Uncle Dirty Dave's Archives

MMMMM

ENJOY!!!

From Uncle Dirty Dave's Kitchen
Home of YAHOOOOAHHHH Hot Sauce & Hardin Cider 

 

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